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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">13817</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">INDUCTION AND PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST MURAMYL PEPTIDES OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ИНДУКЦИЯ И ЗАЩИТНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА АНТИТЕЛ К МУРАМИЛПЕПТИДАМ ГРАМОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫХ БАКТЕРИЙ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Paschenkov</surname><given-names>M. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пащенков</surname><given-names>М. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pak</surname><given-names>V. G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пак</surname><given-names>В. Г</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alkhazova</surname><given-names>B. I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алхазова</surname><given-names>Б. И</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lvov</surname><given-names>V. L</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Львов</surname><given-names>В. Л</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pinegin</surname><given-names>B. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пинегин</surname><given-names>Б. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Scientific Centre - Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГНЦ - Институт иммунологии, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>90</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO2 (2013)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№2 (2013)</issue-title><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2013, Paschenkov M.V., Pak V.G., Alkhazova B.I., Lvov V.L., Pinegin B.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2013, Пащенков М.В., Пак В.Г., Алхазова Б.И., Львов В.Л., Пинегин Б.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Paschenkov M.V., Pak V.G., Alkhazova B.I., Lvov V.L., Pinegin B.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пащенков М.В., Пак В.Г., Алхазова Б.И., Львов В.Л., Пинегин Б.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/13817">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/13817</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. Characterize the role of humoral immune response in mechanisms of action of muramyl dipeptide immune stimulators. Materials and methods. Mice were immunized by a complex of muramyl peptides (CMP) obtained from Salmonella typhi peptidoglycan and consisting of 3 components: 1) N-acetyl-D-glucoasminyl-(β1→4)-N-acetyl-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (GMtri); 2) N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(β1→4)-N-acetyl-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-meso-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine (GMtetra) and 3) GMtetra dimer (diGMtetra), in which monomeric residues of GMtetra are linked by an amid bond between carboxyl group of terminal D-alanine of one of GMtetra residues and ω-amino group of meso-diaminopimelic acid of the other GMtetra residue. Results. Immunization resulted in a multifold increase of IgM, IgG1 and IgG2a titers against CMP. Antibodies were directed against the whole molecule of diGMtetra and did not recognize its fragments. Sera of mice immunized with CMP protected the mice from lethal infection with Gram-negative (S. typhimurium) but not Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) microorganisms. Conclusion. Induction of protective antibodies may present a novel mechanism of action of muramyl dipeptide immune stimulators.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель. Охарактеризовать роль гуморального иммунного ответа в механизмах действия мурамилпептидных иммуностимуляторов. Материалы и методы. Мышей иммунизировали комплексом мурамилпептидов (КМП), полученным из пептидогликана Salmonella typhi и состоящим из трех компонентов: 1) ацетил-глюкозаминил-(β1→4)-ацетил-мурамоил-L-аланил-D-изоглютаминил-мезо-диаминопимелиновой кислоты (ГМтри); 2) ацетил-глюкозаминил-(β1→4)-ацетил-мурамоил-аланил-D-изоглютаминил-мезо-диаминопимелоил-D-аланина (ГМтетра) и 3) димера ГМтетра (диГМтетра), в котором мономерные остатки ГМтетра соединены путем амидной связи между карбоксильной группой терминального D -аланина одного остатка ГМтетра и ω-аминогруппой мезо-диаминопимелиновой кислоты другого остатка ГМтетра. Результаты. Иммунизация приводила к многократному повышению титров IgM, IgG1 и IgG2a к КМП. Антитела (АТ) были направлены против цельной молекулы диГМтетра и не распознавали ее фрагменты. Сыворотки мышей, иммунизированных КМП, защищали мышей от летальной инфекции грамо-трицательным (S. typhimurium), но не грамположительным (Staphylococcus aureus) микроорганизмами. Заключение. Индукция защитных АТ может представлять собой новый механизм действия мурамилпептидных иммуностимуляторов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>IgM</kwd><kwd>IgG</kwd><kwd>muramyl peptides</kwd><kwd>antibodies</kwd><kwd>peptidoglycan</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мурамилпептиды</kwd><kwd>антитела</kwd><kwd>пептидогликан</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Пащенков М.В., Попилюк С.Ф., Алхазова Б.И. и др. Иммунобиологические свойства мурамилпептидных фрагментов пептидогликана грамотрицательных бактерий. Иммунология. 2010, 31: 119-125.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Пащенков М.В., Будихина А.С., Голубева Н.М. и др. Результаты I фазы клинических испытаний иммуномодулятора «Полимурамил». Иммунология. 2011, 32: 239-243.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Пащенков М.В., Будихина А.С., Голубева Н.М. и др. 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