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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1355</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-328</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular epidemiological study of clinical cases of acute hepatitis E in Belarus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярно-эпидемиологическое исследование случаев острого гепатита Е в Беларуси</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5672-9509</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydov</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдов</surname><given-names>Владимир Витольдович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Head, Department of biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., доцент, зав. каф. биологии</p></bio><email>davidovvv@bsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-1103</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhavoronok</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жаворонок</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of infectious diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, профессор каф. инфекционных болезней</p></bio><email>davidovvv@bsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5603-490X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Znovets</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зновец</surname><given-names>Татьяна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Deputy chief physician for obstetrics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., зам. главного врача по родовспоможению</p></bio><email>davidovvv@bsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-6789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyrkunov</surname><given-names>Vladimir M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыркунов</surname><given-names>Владимир Максимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of infectious diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, профессор каф. инфекционных болезней</p></bio><email>davidovvv@bsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5513-970X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Babenkа</surname><given-names>Andrei S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабенко</surname><given-names>Андрей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Associate Professor, Department of bioorganic chemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.х.н., доцент, доцент кафедры биоорганической химии</p></bio><email>davidovvv@bsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2291-4538</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchuk</surname><given-names>Svetlana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марчук</surname><given-names>Светлана Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, Laboratory of biochemical research methods of the scientific part</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н.с. лаб. биохимических методов исследования научной части</p></bio><email>davidovvv@bsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3662-3045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasich</surname><given-names>Elena L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасич</surname><given-names>Елена Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Head, Laboratory for diagnosis of HIV and concomitant infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., доцент, зав. лаб. диагностики ВИЧ и сопутствующих инфекций</p></bio><email>davidovvv@bsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3220-9592</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novik</surname><given-names>Tatiana P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новик</surname><given-names>Татьяна Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Department of biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., доцент каф. биологии</p></bio><email>davidovvv@bsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-4061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alatortseva</surname><given-names>Galina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алаторцева</surname><given-names>Галина Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head, Laboratory for cloning viral genomes</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лаб. клонирования вирусных геномов</p></bio><email>davidovvv@bsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6636-6801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>Mikhail I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>Михаил Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Laboratory for viral hepatitis, Scientific Director, Institute of Molecular and Personalized Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН, зав. лаб. вирусных гепатитов, научный руководитель Института молекулярной и персонифицированной медицины</p></bio><email>davidovvv@bsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0017-1892</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>Vitaly V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>Виталий Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, scientific director, Head, Department of microbiology, virology, immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор, академик РАН, научный руководитель, зав. каф. микробиологии, вирусологии, иммунологии</p></bio><email>davidovvv@bsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belarusian State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Third City Clinical Hospital named after E.V. Klumov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Третья городская клиническая больница имени Е.В. Клумова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Grodno State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Гродненский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканский научно-практический центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>625</fpage><lpage>636</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-10"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-01-10"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Davydov V.V., Zhavoronok S.V., Znovets T.V., Tsyrkunov V.M., Babenkа A.S., Marchuk S.I., Gasich E.L., Novik T.P., Alatortseva G.I., Mikhailov M.I., Zverev V.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Давыдов В.В., Жаворонок С.В., Зновец Т.В., Цыркунов В.М., Бабенко А.С., Марчук С.И., Гасич Е.Л., Новик Т.П., Алаторцева Г.И., Михайлов М.И., Зверев В.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Davydov V.V., Zhavoronok S.V., Znovets T.V., Tsyrkunov V.M., Babenkа A.S., Marchuk S.I., Gasich E.L., Novik T.P., Alatortseva G.I., Mikhailov M.I., Zverev V.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Давыдов В.В., Жаворонок С.В., Зновец Т.В., Цыркунов В.М., Бабенко А.С., Марчук С.И., Гасич Е.Л., Новик Т.П., Алаторцева Г.И., Михайлов М.И., Зверев В.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/1355">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/1355</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Relevance.</bold> The frequency of occurrence of anamnestic antibodies to the hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the general population of the Republic of Belarus is 7.3%, which is clearly not consistent with the low incidence of hepatitis E (HE). Most of primary HEV infections remain undiagnosed. The intensive epidemic process of HEV in the Belarusian population is hidden. Conducting epidemiological studies, including genotyping of HEV sequences isolated on the territory of the republic, makes it possible to more accurately characterize the sources of HEV infection and the mechanisms of its transmission.</p> <p><bold>Aim</bold> — molecular epidemiological study of two cases of acute hepatitis E detected in patients from Belarus.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>During 2021–2022, samples of biological material were obtained from two patients undergoing treatment with an established diagnosis of acute hepatitis E. Serum samples were tested to detect antibodies to HEV using enzyme immunoassay, HEV RNA was detected in fecal samples using nested RT-PCR. The nucleotide sequence was determined by an automatic sequencer using the Sanger method. Analysis of nucleotide sequences, their genotyping, and calculation of evolutionary distances were performed using MEGA X software.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>The HEV sequence isolated from a pregnant woman who had an epidemiological episode of alimentary contact with raw pork meat is clustered into a common phylogenetic clade with HEV sequence obtained from the patient from Belarus with a history of kidney transplantation and HEV sequences isolated from a domestic pigs. The HEV sequence isolated from a patient with a history of travel to Pakistan belongs to the HEV genotype 1 and joins a clade of HEV sequences isolated in Pakistan, India, Nepal and Mongolia.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность. </bold>Частота встречаемости анамнестических антител к вирусу гепатита Е (ВГЕ) в общей популяции условно здорового населения Республики Беларусь составляет 7,3%, что явно не согласуется с низкими показателями заболеваемости гепатитом Е (ГЕ). Большинство первичных случаев ГЕ остаются недиагностированными. Интенсивный эпидемический процесс ГЕ в белорусской популяции носит скрытый характер. Проведение эпидемиологических исследований, включающих генотипирование последовательностей ВГЕ, выделенных на территории Беларуси, позволяют более точно характеризовать источники возбудителей ГЕ и механизмы их передачи.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — молекулярно-эпидемиологическое исследование 2 случаев острого ГЕ, выявленных у пациентов из Беларуси.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В 2021–2022 гг. были получены образцы биологического материала от 2 пациентов, проходящих лечение с установленным диагнозом острого ГЕ. Образцы сыворотки крови использовали для обнаружения антител к ВГЕ при помощи иммуноферментного анализа, РНК ВГЕ выявляли из образцов фекалий при помощи метода гнездовой полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскриптазой. Нуклеотидную последовательность определяли на автоматическом секвенаторе по методу Сенгера. Анализ нуклеотидных последовательностей, их генотипирование и расчёт эволюционных расстояний выполняли с помощью программного обеспечения «MEGA X».</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Последовательность РНК ВГЕ, выделенная из организма беременной, имеющей в эпидемиологическом анамнезе эпизод алиментарного контакта с сырым свиным фаршем, кластеризуется в общую филогенетическую ветвь с последовательностью, полученной из организма пациента из Беларуси, имеющего в анамнезе трансплантацию почки, и последовательностями, выделенными из организма домашней свиньи. Последовательность РНК ВГЕ, выделенная из организма пациента, имеющего в анамнезе эпизод выезда в Пакистан, относится к первому генотипу ВГЕ и кластеризуется в общую филогенетическую ветвь с последовательностями ВГЕ, выделенными в Пакистане, Индии, Непале и Монголии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatitis E</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic analysis</kwd><kwd>nucleotide sequences of hepatitis E virus</kwd><kwd>molecular epidemiology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гепатит Е</kwd><kwd>филогенетический анализ</kwd><kwd>нуклеотидные последовательности вируса гепатита Е</kwd><kwd>молекулярная эпидемиология</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out as part of the Interstate program of innovation cooperation of States — participants of the CIS up to 2020, with the financial support of the Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation, the project ID RFMEFI61316X0091, and the State Committee for Science and Technology of the Republic of Belarus.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках Межгосударственной программы инновационного сотрудничества государств — участников СНГ на период до 2020 года при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ (уникальный идентификатор проекта RFMEFI61319X0091) и ГКНТ РБ.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Balayan M.S., Andjaparidze A.G., Savinskaya S.S., Ketiladze E.S., Braginsky D.M., Savinov A.P., et al. 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