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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">13459</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF PANDEMIC INFLUENZA VIRUSES A/H1N1(sw2009) ISOLATED IN RUSSIA IN 2009 — 2010</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ВИРУСОВ ПАНДЕМИЧЕСКОГО ГРИППА A/H1N1(sw2009), ИЗОЛИРОВАННЫХ В 2009 — 2010 ГГ. В РОССИИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsyshina</surname><given-names>S. B</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцышина</surname><given-names>С. Б</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minenko</surname><given-names>A. N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миненко</surname><given-names>А. Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voloshina</surname><given-names>P. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волошина</surname><given-names>П. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtseva</surname><given-names>A. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцева</surname><given-names>А. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Praded</surname><given-names>M. N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прадед</surname><given-names>М. Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Braslavskaya</surname><given-names>S. I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Браславская</surname><given-names>С. И</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipulin</surname><given-names>G. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипулин</surname><given-names>Г. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maleev</surname><given-names>V. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малеев</surname><given-names>В. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokrovsky</surname><given-names>V. I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Покровский</surname><given-names>В. И</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2011-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO1 (2011)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№1 (2011)</issue-title><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2011, Yatsyshina S.B., Minenko A.N., Voloshina P.V., Kudryavtseva A.V., Praded M.N., Braslavskaya S.I., Shipulin G.A., Maleev V.V., Pokrovsky V.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2011, Яцышина С.Б., Миненко А.Н., Волошина П.В., Кудрявцева А.В., Прадед М.Н., Браславская С.И., Шипулин Г.А., Малеев В.В., Покровский В.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yatsyshina S.B., Minenko A.N., Voloshina P.V., Kudryavtseva A.V., Praded M.N., Braslavskaya S.I., Shipulin G.A., Maleev V.V., Pokrovsky V.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яцышина С.Б., Миненко А.Н., Волошина П.В., Кудрявцева А.В., Прадед М.Н., Браславская С.И., Шипулин Г.А., Малеев В.В., Покровский В.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/13459">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/13459</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim . Assessment of genetic diversity of influenza virus A/H1N1(sw2009) variants circulated in Russia, study of virus’ pathogenicity in humans and potential resistance to antiviral drugs. Materials and methods. Sequencing of PCR-fragments of genome of influenza viruses isolated from clinical and autopsy samples of 436 patients. Four full genome sequences of influenza viruses A/H1N1(sw2009) were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis was performed. Results. High degree of homology (98.9—100%) was found among influenza A/H1N1(sw2009) viruses in HA and NA genes as well as in their aminoacid sequences (1.3 and 1.4% respectively). Differences in other proteins did not exceed 1.1%. Diversity was found in position 222 of receptor-binding locus of HA and single amino acid polymorphism — in several internal proteins. Known mutations determining resistance to Tamiflu and Arbidol were not detected. All viruses were resistant to remantadine. Molecular markers of high pathogenicity were not found. Conclusion. High homology of influenza viruses determines low level of antigenic differences although in populations of viruses there are variants with different levels of adaptation to human organism and different affinity to receptors of upper and lower respiratory tract that can determine their different transmissibility.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель . Оценка генетического разнообразия циркулировавших на территории России вариантов вируса гриппа А/H1N1(sw2009), изучение патогенности вируса для человека и потенциальной чувствительности к противовирусным препаратам. Материалы и методы. Выполнено секвенирование фрагментов ПЦР генома вирусов гриппа, обнаруженных в образцах прижизненного и посмертного материала от 436 пациентов. Получены последовательности 4 полных геномов вирусов гриппа A/H1N1(sw2009). Проведен филогенетический анализ. Результаты. Показана высокая гомология (98,9—100%) вирусов по генам гемагглютинина (HA) и нейраминидазы (NA) и их аминокислотным последовательностям (1,3 и 1,4% соответственно). Различие остальных белков не превышало 1,1%. Зафиксировано разнообразие вирусов в позиции 222 в области связи НА с рецепторами и единичный полиморфизм в ряде внутренних белков. Известные мутации устойчивости к тамифлю и арбидолу обнаружены не были. Все вирусы резистентны к ремантадину. Маркеры высокой патогенности не обнаружены. Заключение. Высокая гомология вирусов гриппа свидетельствует о низком уровне антигенных различий, однако в популяции вирусов имеются варианты с различной степенью приспособленности к организму человека и разным сродством к рецепторам верхних и нижних дыхательных путей, что может обусловливать их различную трансмиссивность.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pandemic influenza virus A/H1N1 (sw2009)</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic analysis</kwd><kwd>Tamiflu</kwd><kwd>remantadine</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус пандемического гриппа А/H1N1(sw2009)</kwd><kwd>филогенетический анализ</kwd><kwd>тамифлю</kwd><kwd>ремантадин</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Яцышина С.Б., Миненко А.Н., Прадед М.Н. и др. Диагностика гриппа: новый вариант H1N1 в России. Эпидемиол. инфекц. бол. 2009, 6: 56-62.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Abed Y., Goyette N., Boivin G. et al. 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