Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyЖурнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology134310.36233/0372-9311-307REVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticleAnatomical and physiological aspects of the HIV infection pathogenesis in animal modelsАнатомо-физиологические аспекты патогенеза ВИЧ-инфекции у животных моделейhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8320-2999NagornykhAleksey M.НагорныхАлексей Михайлович
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Vet.), senior researcher, Scientific group of experimental models’ development, Laboratory of experimental pharmacology, Department of molecular diagnostics and epidemiology

к.вет.н., с.н.с. научной группы разработки экспериментальных моделей лаб. экспериментальной фармакологии отдела молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии

nagornih@cmd.suhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3145-3702TyumentsevaMarina A.ТюменцеваМарина Алексеевна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head, Laboratory of genome editing, Department of molecular diagnostics and epidemiology

к.б.н., зав. лаб. геномного редактирования отдела молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии

nagornih@cmd.suhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0537-2586TyumentsevAleksandr I.ТюменцевАлександр Игоревич
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head, Laboratory of experimental pharmacology, Department of molecular diagnostics and epidemiology

к.б.н., зав. лаб. экспериментальной фармакологии отдела молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии

nagornih@cmd.suhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044AkimkinVasily G.АкимкинВасилий Геннадиевич
Russian Federation

D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, Central Research Institute for Epi- demiology

д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, директор ЦНИИ Эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора

nagornih@cmd.suCentral Research Institute for EpidemiologyЦентральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора071220229955876040712202207122022Copyright ©; 2022, Nagornykh A.M., Tyumentseva M.A., Tyumentsev A.I., Akimkin V.G.Copyright ©; 2022, Нагорных А.М., Тюменцева М.А., Тюменцев А.И., Акимкин В.Г.2022Nagornykh A.M., Tyumentseva M.A., Tyumentsev A.I., Akimkin V.G.Нагорных А.М., Тюменцева М.А., Тюменцев А.И., Акимкин В.Г.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/1343

Understanding the entire pathogenesis of HIV infection, from penetration at the gates of infection to the induction of severe immunodeficiency, is an essential tool for the development of new treatment methods. Less than 40 years of research into the mechanisms of HIV infection that lead to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have accumulated a huge amount of information, but HIV's own unique variability identifies new whitespaces.

Despite the constant improvement of the protocols of antiretroviral therapy and the success of its use, it has not yet been possible to stop the spread of HIV infection. The development of new protocols and the testing of new groups of antiretroviral drugs is possible, first of all, due to the improvement of animal models of the HIV infection pathogenesis. Their relevance, undoubtedly increases, but still depends on specific research tasks, since none of the in vivo models can comprehensively simulate the mechanism of the infection pathology in humans which leads to multi-organ damage.

The aim of the review was to provide up-to-date information on known animal models of HIV infection, focusing on the method of their infection and anatomical, physiological and pathological features.

Понимание всего патогенеза ВИЧ-инфекции — от проникновения инфекции до индукции тяжёлого иммунодефицита — важно для разработки новых методов лечения. Неполные 40 лет исследований механизмов ВИЧ-инфекции, приводящих к развитию синдрома приобретённого иммунодефицита (СПИДа), собрали колоссальное количество информации, однако собственная уникальная изменчивость ВИЧ выявляет все новые пробелы.

Несмотря на постоянное усовершенствование протоколов антиретровирусной терапии и успехи её применения, остановить распространение ВИЧ-инфекции пока не удаётся. Развитие новых протоколов и испытание новых групп антиретровирусных препаратов возможно, в первую очередь, благодаря совершенствованию животных моделей патогенеза ВИЧ-инфекции. Их релевантность, несомненно, повышается, но в то же время зависит от конкретных исследовательских задач, т.к. ни одна из моделей in vivo не может всесторонне имитировать механизм инфекционной патологии человека, приводящей к мультиорганному поражению.

Цель работы — представить актуальную информацию по известным животным моделям ВИЧ-инфекции, акцентируя внимание на способе их инфицирования и анатомо-физиологических и патологических особенностях.

HIV infectionpathogenesisanimal models of HIV infectionreviewВИЧ-инфекцияпатогенезживотные модели ВИЧ-инфекцииобзорThis work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of a grant in the form of a subsidy for the creation and development of the «World-class Genomic Research Center for Ensuring Biological Safety and Technological Independence under the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Genetic Technologies», agreement No. 075-15-2019-1666.Данная работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ в рамках гранта в форме субсидии на создание и развитие «Центра геномных исследований мирового уровня по обеспечению биологической безопасности и технологической независимости в рамках Федеральной научно-технической программы развития генетических технологий», соглашение № 075-15-2019-1666.Berkowitz R., Alexander S., McCune J. 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