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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1342</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-331</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">To the question of the relevance of the development and prospects for the use of the bacteriophage <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic></article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>К вопросу об актуальности разработки и перспективам использования препарата бактериофага <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3416-0902</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Yuliya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Юлия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head, Department of epidemiology of viral infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доц., рук. отдела эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>zakharova_ya@eniivi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3584-9528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashchenko</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иващенко</surname><given-names>Иван Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior laboratory assistant, Laboratory of respiratory viral infections, Department of epidemiology of viral infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший лаборант лаб. респираторных вирусных инфекций отдела эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>zakharova_ya@eniivi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6140-2546</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolgarova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болгарова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, Laboratory of respiratory viral infections, Department of epidemiology of viral infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н.с. лаб. респираторных вирусных инфекций отдела эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>zakharova_ya@eniivi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Екатеринбургский научно-исследовательский институт вирусных инфекций ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>573</fpage><lpage>586</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-07"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-12-07"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Zakharova Y.A., Ivashchenko I.A., Bolgarova E.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Захарова Ю.А., Иващенко И.А., Болгарова Е.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova Y.A., Ivashchenko I.A., Bolgarova E.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захарова Ю.А., Иващенко И.А., Болгарова Е.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/1342">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/1342</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The prevalence of <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> strains causing invasive forms of pneumococcal infection and the growing rates of antibiotic resistance of individual serotypes of the pathogen pose a number of urgent and socially significant tasks the search for new antimicrobial agents for prevention and treatment.</p> <p><bold>Objective.</bold> To analyze the data of scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors on the problems of practical use and prospects for the development of the bacteriophage <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> drug aimed at the actual serotypes of the pathogen.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Analysis of literary sources in scientific electronic databases and publishing houses eLibrary.Ru, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Springerlink, Wiley Online Library, Annual reviews allowed us to summarize information about four isolated lytic bacteriophages of <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> and their endolysins, as well as about two lysogenic phages, to present data on the clinical efficacy of streptococcal bacteriophage in pneumococcal infection in animals and humans. The results of search queries on the most significant and widespread serotypes of <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> in the territory of the Russian Federation have established the predominance in the structure of variants 19F, 14, 9V/A, 15 A/F, 6 A/B/C/D, 3 and 23F. Some of them are characterized by a high level of antibiotic resistance and cause invasive forms of the disease, and serotypes 15 A/F/C, 6 C/D are not represented in modern vaccines, which increases the relevance of the development and use of pneumococcal bacteriophage, including intraspecific typing of significant and common serotypes.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>Based on the analysis of the current state of the issue of pneumococcal bacteriophages, the information obtained on the circulation of topical strains of <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> on the territory of the Russian Federation and their serotype landscape, it is concluded that the development of the bacteriophage <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> drug is relevant as a means of targeted action for the prevention, diagnosis and personalized therapy of human diseases of pneumococcal etiology.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Распространённость штаммов <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic>, вызывающих инвазивные формы пневмококковой инфекции, и растущие показатели антибиотикорезистентности отдельных серотипов возбудителя ставят в ряд актуальных и социально значимых задач поиск новых антимикробных средств для профилактики и лечения<italic>.</italic></p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — провести поиск научных публикаций отечественных и зарубежных авторов о проблемах практического использования и перспективах разработки препарата бактериофага <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> узконаправленного действия на актуальные серотипы возбудителя.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Анализ литературных источников в научных электронных базах и издательствах eLibrary.Ru, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Springerlink, Wiley Online Library, Annual reviews позволил обобщить сведения о 4 выделенных литических бактериофагах <italic>S. pneumoniae </italic>и их эндолизинах, а также 2 умеренных фагах, представить данные клинической эффективности стрептококкового бактериофага при пневмококковой инфекции у животных и человека. Результаты поисковых запросов о наиболее значимых и распространённых на территории России серотипах <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> установили преобладание в структуре вариантов 19F, 14, 9V/A, 15 A/F, 6 A/B/C/D, 3 и 23F. Часть из них характеризуется высоким уровнем антибиотикорезистентности и вызывает тяжёлые формы заболевания, при этом серотипы 15 A/F/C и 6 C/D не представлены в составе современных вакцинных штаммов, что повышает актуальность разработки и использования пневмококкового бактериофага, в том числе для внутривидового типирования значимых и распространённых серотипов.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>На основании анализа современного состояния вопроса о пневмококковых бактериофагах, полученных сведений о циркуляции актуальных штаммов <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> на территории России и их серотиповом пейзаже сделан вывод об актуальности разработки препарата бактериофага <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> как средства направленного действия для профилактики, диагностики и персонализированной терапии заболеваний человека пневмококковой этиологии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Streptococcus pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>bacteriophages</kwd><kwd>phage therapy</kwd><kwd>phage prophylaxis</kwd><kwd>phage diagnostics</kwd><kwd>literature review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Streptococcus pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>бактериофаги</kwd><kwd>фаготерапия</kwd><kwd>фагопрофилактика</kwd><kwd>фагодиагностика</kwd><kwd>литературный обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-25-20129. https://rscf.ru/project/22-25-20129/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование поддержано грантом Российского научного фонда № 22-25-20129. https://rscf.ru/project/22-25-20129/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golodnova S.O., Fel'dblyum I.V., Semerikov V.V., Nikolenko V.V., Zakharova Yu.A. 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