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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">13239</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">MOLECULAR-GENETIC COMPARISON OF STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES STRAINS TYPES emm1 AND emm12 ON PROPHAGE GENES REPERTOIRE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЕ СРАВНЕНИЕ ШТАММОВ STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES ТИПОВ emm1 И emm12 ПО НАБОРУ ПРОФАГОВЫХ ГЕНОВ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakova</surname><given-names>E. M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полякова</surname><given-names>Е. М</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gao</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suvorov</surname><given-names>A. N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суворов</surname><given-names>А. Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolyan</surname><given-names>A. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>А. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экспериментальной медицины, С.-Петербург, Пекинский детский госпиталь, КНР</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Beijing Children’s Hospital, China</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экспериментальной медицины, С.-Петербург, Пекинский детский госпиталь, КНР</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff3"><institution>Beijing Children’s Hospital, China</institution></aff><aff id="aff4"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2009-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>86</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO2 (2009)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№2 (2009)</issue-title><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2009, Polyakova E.M., Gao V., Yang Y., Suvorov A.N., Totolyan A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2009, Полякова Е.М., Gao V., Yang Y., Суворов А.Н., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polyakova E.M., Gao V., Yang Y., Suvorov A.N., Totolyan A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полякова Е.М., Gao V., Yang Y., Суворов А.Н., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/13239">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/13239</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. Molecular analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes types emm1 and emm12 genomes on the presence of genes belonging to prophage DNA. Materials and methods. Thirty-one strains of S. pyogenes type emm1 and 22 strains of S. pyogenes type emm12 were objects of the study. Polymerase chain reaction with special primers for detection of 24 phage genes was used in the study. Results. Prevalence of phage genes in strains of different emm types was assessed. The following phage genes were most frequently detected: speA, speC, ssa genes for emm1 type and speC and speH for emm12 type. On the basis of the study, 19 different profiles of phage genes were identified. Conclusion. The study allowed to identify not only differences but also similarities between strains of emm1 and emm12 types on prophage gene repertoire in bacterial genome. Presence of similarities allows to assume the possibility of circulation in the studied region similar or identical bacteriophages between streptococci group A (SGA) strains of different emm types.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель . Молекулярный анализ геномов штаммов Streptococcus pyogenes emm1 и emm12 типов на присутствие генов, принадлежащих профаговой ДНК. Материалы и методы. Объектами исследования служили 31 штамм S. pyogenes типа emm1 и 22 штамма типа emm12. Исследование проводили с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции с использованием специфических праймеров для выявления 24 фаговых генов. Результаты . Изучена распространенность фаговых генов среди штаммов разных emm типов. Наиболее часто встречающимися фаговыми генами среди штаммов S.pyogenes были гены speA, speС, ssa для типа emm1 и гены speС и speH для типа emm12. На основании исследования выявлено 19 различных профилей фаговых генов. Заключение . В результате исследования выявлены не только отличия, но и сходства между штаммами emm1 и emm12 типов по набору профаговых генов в бактериальном геноме. Наличие сходства позволяет предположить возможность циркуляции в исследованном регионе сходных или идентичных бактериофагов среди штаммов стрептококков группы А (СГА) различных emm типов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>S.pyogenes</kwd><kwd>phage genes</kwd><kwd>bacteriophaging of SGA</kwd><kwd>integrases</kwd><kwd>toxins</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фаговые гены</kwd><kwd>бактериофагия СГА</kwd><kwd>интегразы</kwd><kwd>токсины</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Banks D.J., Lei B., Musser J.M. Prophage induction and expression of prophage-encoded virulence factors in group A streptococcus serotype M3 strain MGAS315. Infect. 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