Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology119610.36233/0372-9311-262Research ArticleЕffect of the essential oil of <i>Satureja montana</i> L. on the growth of cultures of conditionally pathogenic microorganismsPostnikovaOlga N.<p>senior lecturer, Department of microbiology, virology and immunology</p>tanzcool@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-4107ShevkoplyasLudmila A.<p>assistant, Department of microbiology, virology and immunology</p>tanzcool@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-4585KuevdaTatyana A.<p>junior researcher, Department of field crop</p>tanzcool@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0055-8605SataievaTatiana P.<p>D. Sci. (Med.), Head, Department of microbiology, virology and immunology</p>tanzcool@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6451-7285KirsanovaMarina A.<p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Department of microbiology, virology and immunology</p>tanzcool@mail.ruLogadyrTatyana A.<p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of microbiology, virology and immunology</p>tanzcool@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2470-5374S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal UniversityResearch Institute of Agriculture of Crimea1001202399670170724032022Copyright © 2023, Postnikova O.N., Shevkoplyas L.A., Kuevda T.A., Sataieva T.P., Kirsanova M.A., Logadyr T.A.2023<p><strong>Introduction. </strong>Essential oils contain antimicrobial components that are highly active against a wide range of microorganisms. Essential oils are natural, environmentally safe, low-toxic substances with a minimal list of side effects; no antimicrobial resistance is formed to them.</p>
<p><strong>The aim</strong> of the research was to study the influence of the essential oil of <em>Satureja montana </em>L., growing in the Crimea, on the growth of cultures of opportunistic microorganisms.</p>
<p><strong>Materials and methods. </strong>The short-term effect of savory oil on the growth of referenсе strains of microorganisms was studied in accordance with the European Standard for determining the rate of inactivation of microorganisms by the test substance (1997). To study the long-term effect of savory oil on clinical isolates of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, we used the method of dilutions in a liquid medium, followed by measurement of the optical density of growth of the suspension culture biomass. The effect of savory oil on the formation of biofilms by clinical isolates of<em> S. aureus </em>was also studied.</p>
<p><strong>Results.</strong> Whole savory oil and its dilutions of 1 : 10 and 1 : 100 with short-term action (1060 min) completely suppressed the growth of referenсе strains of bacteria; growth of the referenсе strain <em>Candida albicans</em> CCM 885 was inhibited only by whole oil and a 1 : 10 dilution, while a 1 : 100 dilution had a bacteriostatic effect. Dilutions of essential oil 1 : 100 and 1 : 1000 had a pronounced antibacterial effect on the suspension culture of clinical isolates of <em>S. aureus</em>. Savory oil also inhibited biofilm formation by 11 isolates <em>S. aureus</em>.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The essential oil of <em>Satureja montana</em> L. exhibits a pronounced antimicrobial effect against referenсе strains of <em>S. aureus</em> ATCC 25923, <em>Escherichia coli </em>ATCC 25922 and fungi <em>C. albicans</em> CCM 885. The antibacterial effect of this essential oil on clinical isolates of S. aureus allows us to offer it as a component of combined preparations for the treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of staphylococcus.</p>essential oil of Satureja montana L.Staphylococcus aureusEscherichia coliCandida albicansbiofilmsantimicrobial activityэфирное масло чабераStaphylococcus aureusEscherichia coliCandida аlbicansбиоплёнкиантимикробное действие[Egorov A.M., Sazykin Yu.O. Microevolution is pathogenic during the infectious process. Antibiotiki i khimioterapiya. 2000; (1): 3–5. (in Russian)][Fisher В. Epidemiology of Mycobacterial resistance (especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Chemotherapy. 1999; 45(2): 109–20. https://doi.org/10.1159/000007172][Ju J., Xie Y., Guo Y., Cheng Y., Qian H., Yao W. Application of edible coating with essential oil in food preservation. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2018; 59(15): 2467–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1456402][Ayupova R.B., Sakipova Z.B., Dil'barkhanov R.D. Essential oils plants and essential oils: progress and perspectives, modern tendencies of research and application. Vestnik Kazakhskogo Natsional'nogo meditsinskogo universiteta. 2013; 5(3): 74–8. (in Russian)][Tikhomirov A.A. Principles of essential oils use with the medical purposes. a literature review. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov Gosudarstvennogo Nikitskogo botanicheskogo sada. 2014; 139: 116–26. (in Russian)][Man A., Santacroce L., Jacob R., Mare A., Man L. Antimicrobial activity of six essential oils against a group of human pathogens: A comparative study. Pathogens. 2019; 8(1): 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8010015][Carneiro V.A., Melo R.S., Pereira A.M.G., Azevedo A.M.A., Matos M.N.C. et al. Essential oils as an innovative approach against biofilm of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 2020. Available at: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/71796][Pashtetskiy V.S., Nevkrytaya N.V. Use of essential oils in medicine, aromatherapy, veterinary and crop production (review). Tavricheskiy vestnik agrarnoy nauki. 2018; (1): 16–38. https://doi.org/10.25637/TVAN2018.01.02 (in Russian)][Shestopalova N.N., Timoshenko E.Yu., Kazakova V.S., Sorokopudov V.N., Sorokopudova O.A. Electronic database of essential oil plants and essential oils based on them used in aromatherapy. Nauchnye vedomosti Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Meditsina. Farmatsiya. 2012; (10-3): 65–8. (in Russian)][Pashtetskiy V.S., Nevkrytaya N.V., Mishnev A.V. History, current state and development prospects of the essential oil industry. Agrarnyy vestnik Urala. 2017; (11): 7. (in Russian)][Efremov A.A. The method of comprehensive hydro-steam distillation in obtaining essential oils of wild plants. Uspekhi sovremennogo estestvoznaniya. 2013; (7): 88–94. (in Russian)][European Committee for Standartization. Chemical and antiseptics. Basic Bacterial Activity: Test Methods and Requirements (phase1). European Standard EN 1040. Brussels: European Committee for Standartization; 1997.][Gould J.C. Quantity and quality in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections. Br. J. Urol. 1965; 37: 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1965.tb09567.x][O’Toole G.A., Kaplan H.B., Kolter R. Biofilm formation as microbial development. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2000; 54: 49–79. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.49][Kotyuk L.A. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Satureja hortensis L. towards pathogenic microbial strains. Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University. 2014; 4(3): 109–24. https://doi.org/10.7905/bbmspu.v4i3.898 (in Ukrainian)][Utkina T.M., Potekhina L.P., Vylysheva I.V., Kartashova O.L. Influence of essential oils of wormwood on growth and persistence properties of Staphylococcus sp. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2012; (6): 548. (in Russian)][Edwards-Jones V., Buck R., Shawcross S.G., Dawson M.M., Dunn K. The effect of essential oils on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using a dressing model. Burns. 2004; 30(8): 771–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2004.06.006][Xiao S., Cui P., Shi W., Zhang Y. Identification of essential oils with activity against stationary phase Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Complement Med. Ther. 2020; 20(1): 99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-02898-4][Vázquez-Sánchez D., Cabo M.L., Rodríguez-Herrera J.J. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Food Sci. Techol. Int. 2015; 21(8): 559–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013214553996]