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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1165</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-239</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative study of the biological properties of influenza А virus mutants obtained by site-specific mutagenesis and the live influenza reassortant vaccine variant</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительное изучение биологических свойств мутантов вируса гриппа А, полученных с помощью сайт-специфического мутагенеза, и варианта живой гриппозной реассортантной вакцины</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5803-6263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherepovich</surname><given-names>Bogdan S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черепович</surname><given-names>Богдан Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of RNA viruses</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. лаб. РНК-содержащих вирусов</p></bio><email>bogdancherepovich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4212-5093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rtishchev</surname><given-names>Artem A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ртищев</surname><given-names>Артём Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of RNA viruses</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. лаб. РНК-содержащих вирусов</p></bio><email>rtishchevartyom@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1795-4356</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akopova</surname><given-names>Irina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акопова</surname><given-names>Ирина Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>leading researcher, Laboratory of RNA viruses</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>в.н.с. лаб. РНК-содержащих вирусов</p></bio><email>ii_akopova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7664-2945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>Ольга Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Head, Laboratory of medical biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.х.н., зав. лаб. медицинской биотехнологии</p></bio><email>olvb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-2685</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kost</surname><given-names>Vladimir Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кост</surname><given-names>Владимир Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, Laboratory of molecular toxicology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н.с. лаб. молекулярной токсикологии</p></bio><email>goron.dekar@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5963-9525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutuzova</surname><given-names>Nina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутузова</surname><given-names>Нина Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Head, Department of biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор, зав. каф. биохимии, молекулярной биологии и генетики МПГУ</p></bio><email>nm.kutuzova@mpgu.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0994-5337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markushin</surname><given-names>Stanislav G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркушин</surname><given-names>Станислав Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Head, Laboratory of genetics of RNA-containing viruses</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., зав. лаб. генетики РНК-содержащих вирусов</p></bio><email>s.g.markushin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State Pedagogical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский педагогический государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>557</fpage><lpage>564</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-02-11"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Cherepovich B.S., Rtishchev A.A., Akopova I.I., Borisova O.V., Kost V.Y., Kutuzova N.M., Markushin S.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Черепович Б.С., Ртищев А.А., Акопова И.И., Борисова О.В., Кост В.Ю., Кутузова Н.М., Маркушин С.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cherepovich B.S., Rtishchev A.A., Akopova I.I., Borisova O.V., Kost V.Y., Kutuzova N.M., Markushin S.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черепович Б.С., Ртищев А.А., Акопова И.И., Борисова О.В., Кост В.Ю., Кутузова Н.М., Маркушин С.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/1165">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/1165</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The <bold>aim</bold> of study was to carry out comparative investigation of biological properties of site-specific mutants of Influenza A virus and variant of live cold-adapted (CA) influenza reassortant vaccine.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The genetic stability of site-specific mutants (SSM) of the A/WSN/33 (H1N1) strain with ts (temperature sensitive)-mutations in polymerase genes was studied using a stress-test in Madin–Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) culture. A comparative study of immunogenicity of U2 and M26 mutants with the high genetic stability and the CA-reassortant with similar surface proteins was carried out. The increase in the antibody titer was investigated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the reaction of delayed hemagglutination. Ability of the studied viruses to induce type 1 interferon in A549 cells was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR).</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> It was shown that U2 and M26 mutants, which have 3 ts-mutations or more in polymerase genes have high genetic stability. It was found that U2 and M26 mutants induced a higher antibody titers than the CA reassortant in mice following the intranasal immunization. The ability of site-specific mutants and CA reassortant to induce type 1 interferon was also investigated. Mutants U2 and M26 increased the level of interferon to a greater extent than the CA-reassortant.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The data obtained indicate that SSM U2 and M26 with 3 ts-mutations or more in the genome have a significant level of genetic stability. Mutants U2 and M26 have a higher immunogenicity and a higher ability to induce interferon in comparison with the CA reassortant. These facts allow us to conclude that SSM of the influenza virus with a set of mutations in polymerase genes can be considered as promising candidates for live influenza vaccines.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель </bold>исследования — сравнительное изучение биологических свойств сайт-специфических мутантов вируса гриппа А и гриппозной реассортантной вакцины.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Для изучения генетической стабильности сайт-специфических мутантов штамма А/WSN/33 вируса гриппа А была использована методика температурного стресс-теста, который проводили в культуре клеток Madin–Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK). Иммуногенность изучали путём интраназальной иммунизации мышей исследуемыми вирусами. Титр антител определяли с помощью реакции торможения гемагглютинации и иммуноферментного анализа. Способность вирусов индуцировать интерферон 1-го типа в клетках A549 выявляли методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Исследована генетическая стабильность сайт-специфических мутантов штамма А/WSN/33 (H1N1) с разным количеством чувствительных к температуре (temperature-sensitive — ts) мутаций в генах, кодирующих белки полимеразного комплекса, при помощи стресс-теста в культуре клеток MDCK. Показано, что мутанты U2 и M26, имеющие, соответственно, 3 и 5 ts-мутаций в генах, кодирующих полимеразные белки, обладают высокой генетической стабильностью. Проведено сравнительное изучение способности мутантов U2 и M26, а также холодоадаптированного (ха) реассортанта индуцировать гуморальный иммунитет при интраназальной иммунизации мышей. Обнаружено, что мутанты способствуют более высокой выработке сывороточных антител, чем ха-реассортант. Изучена способность мутантов U2 и M26, а также ха-реассортанта индуцировать экспрессию интерферонов 1-го типа (α-1, α-2, α-4 и интерферон-β) в культуре клеток А549. Показано, что мутанты в большей степени повышают уровень интерферонов 1-го типа по сравнению с ха-реассортантом.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Сайт-специфические мутанты вируса гриппа А, имеющие в полимеразных генах 3 и 5 ts-мутаций, показывают высокий уровень генетической стабильности. Они обладают высокой иммуногенностью и индуцируют более высокий уровень интерферона 1-го типа по сравнению с ха-реассортантом. Это позволяет рассматривать сайт-специфические мутанты U2 и M26 в качестве кандидатов в живые гриппозные вакцины.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>site-specific mutants</kwd><kwd>influenza virus</kwd><kwd>genetic stability</kwd><kwd>immunogenicity</kwd><kwd>CA-reassortant</kwd><kwd>interferonogenicity</kwd><kwd>live influenza vaccines</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус гриппа</kwd><kwd>сайт-специфические мутанты</kwd><kwd>генетическая стабильность</kwd><kwd>иммуногенность</kwd><kwd>интерфероногенность</kwd><kwd>живые гриппозные вакцины</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">НИИВС им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The I.I. 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