Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyЖурнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology110810.36233/0372-9311-102REVIEWSОБЗОРЫUnknownUsing the vaccinia virus MVA strain for developing recombinant vector vaccines against current arboviral infectionsПрименение штамма MVA вируса вакцины для создания рекомбинантных векторных вакцин против актуальных арбовирусных инфекцийhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7985-5516StovbaL. F.СтовбаЛ. Ф.
Russian Federation

Lyudmila F. Stovba — Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher, 48 Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.Sergiev Posad-6.

Стовба Людмила Федоровна — кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела 48 ЦНИИ Минобороны России.Сергиев Посад-6.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7674-2321KrotkovV. T.КротковВ. Т.
Russian Federation

Victor T. Krotkov — Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, 48 Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.Sergiev Posad-6.

Кротков Виктор Тимофеевич — кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела 48 ЦНИИ Минобороны России.Сергиев Посад-6.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3497-5829MelnikovS. A.МельниковС. А.
Russian Federation

Sergey A. Melnikov — Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher, 48 Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.Sergiev Posad-6.

Мельников Сергей Алексеевич — кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела 48 ЦНИИ Минобороны России.Сергиев Посад-6.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3204-1897PavelievD. I.ПавельевД. И.
Russian Federation

Dmitriy I. Paveliev — researcher, 48 Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.Sergiev Posad-6.

Павельев Дмитрий Игоревич — научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела 48 ЦНИИ Минобороны России.Сергиев Посад-6.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1491-6293ChernikovaN. K.ЧерниковаН. К.
Russian Federation

Natalia K. Chernikova — Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher, 48 Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.Sergiev Posad-6.

Черникова Наталья Константиновна — кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела 48 ЦНИИ Минобороны России.Сергиев Посад-6.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-3919BorisevichS. V.БорисевичС. В.
Russian Federation

Sergey V. Borisevich — D. Sci. (Biol.) Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS, Head, 48 Central Scientific Research Institut» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.Sergiev Posad-6.

Борисевич Сергей Владимирович — член-корреспондент РАН, доктор биологических наук, профессор, начальник 48 ЦНИИ Минобороны России.Сергиев Посад-6.

48cnii@mil.ru48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт Министерства обороны Российской Федерации021120219855795870211202102112021Copyright ©; 2021, Stovba L.F., Krotkov V.T., Melnikov S.A., Paveliev D.I., Chernikova N.K., Borisevich S.V.Copyright ©; 2021, Стовба Л.Ф., Кротков В.Т., Мельников С.А., Павельев Д.И., Черникова Н.К., Борисевич С.В.2021Stovba L.F., Krotkov V.T., Melnikov S.A., Paveliev D.I., Chernikova N.K., Borisevich S.V.Стовба Л.Ф., Кротков В.Т., Мельников С.А., Павельев Д.И., Черникова Н.К., Борисевич С.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/1108

Epidemic vector-borne viral infections pose a serious threat to public health worldwide. There is currently no specific preventive treatment for most of them. One of the promising solutions for combating viral fevers is development of vector vaccines, including MVA-based vaccines, which have virtually no adverse side effects. The safety of the MVA strain and absent reactogenicity of recombinant MVA vaccines have been supported by many clinical trials.The article focuses on test results for similar preventive products against viral fevers: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever, yellow fever, Chikungunya and Zika fevers.Their immunogenicity was evaluated on immunocompetent and immunocompromised white mice; their protective efficacy was assessed on immunocompromised white mice deficient in IFN-α/β receptors, that are used for experimental modeling of the infection. Nearly all the new recombinant vaccines expressing immunodominant antigens demonstrated 100% protective efficacy. It has been found that although the vaccine expressing Zika virus structural proteins induced antibodies against specific viral glycoproteins, it can be associated with high risks when used for prevention of Zika fever in individuals who had dengue fever in the past, due to the phenomenon known as antibody-dependent enhancement of infection, which can occur in diseases caused by antigenically related flaviruses. For this reason, the vaccine expressing non-structural protein 1 (NS1) was developed for vaccination against Zika fever.The yellow fever vaccine developed on the MVA platform had immunogenicity similar to that of the commercial 17D vaccine, outperforming the latter in safety.

Эпидемические трансмиссивные вирусные инфекции представляют собой серьёзную угрозу для здравоохранения многих стран. Для большинства из них отсутствуют средства специфической профилактики. В настоящее время одним из перспективных направлений борьбы с вирусными лихорадками является создание векторных вакцин, в том числе на основе штамма MVA, которые практически не вызывают побочных реакций. Безопасность штамма MVA и отсутствие реактогенности рекомбинантных вакцин, разработанных на его основе, показана в многочисленных клинических испытаниях.В статье рассматриваются результаты испытаний подобных профилактических препаратов против вирусных лихорадок: Крымской-Конго геморрагической лихорадки, лихорадки долины Рифт, жёлтой лихорадки, лихорадок Чикунгунья и Зика.Их иммуногенность оценивалась на иммунокомпетентных и иммунодефицитных белых мышах, а протективная эффективность — на иммунодефицитных белых мышах, дефектных по α-, β-рецепторам интерферона, на которых моделируют эту инфекцию. Почти все разработанные рекомбинантные вакцины, экспрессирующие иммунодоминантные антигены, обеспечивали 100% защитную эффективность. Показано, что, хотя вакцина, экспрессирующая структурные белки вируса Зика, индуцировала антитела против специфических вирусных гликопротеинов, её применение может вызывать опасность для профилактики лихорадки Зика у лиц, переболевших лихорадкой денге, в связи с наличием феномена антителозависимого усиления инфекции при заболеваниях, вызванных антигенно-родственными флавивирусами. По этой причине для иммунизации против лихорадки Зика разработана вакцина, экспрессирующая неструктурный белок NS-1.Сконструированная на основе штамма MVA вакцина против жёлтой лихорадки обладала такой же иммуногенностью, что и коммерческая вакцина 17D, однако по уровню безопасности превосходила её.

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