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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1004</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-67</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Association of the increased circulating CD62LloCXCR4hi neutrophil count with carotid atherosclerosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ассоциация увеличения количества циркулирующих CD62L<sup>lo</sup>CXCR4<sup>hi</sup>-нейтрофилов с распространённостью каротидного атеросклероза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0901-8042</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgushin</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгушин</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Ilya I. Dolgushin</bold> — D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Department of microbiology, virology, immunology and clinical laboratory diagnostics, Director, Institute of Immunology, President </p><p><italic>Chelyabinsk</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Долгушин Илья Ильич</bold> — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, заведующий кафедры микробиологии, вирусологии, иммунологии и клинической лабораторной диагностики, директор НИИ иммунологии, президент ФГБОУ ВО ЮУГМУ</p><p><italic>Челябинск</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5902-3803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Genkel</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Генкель</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Vadim V. Genkel</bold> — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of propedeutics of internal medicine </p><p><italic>Chelyabinsk</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Генкель Вадим Викторович</bold> — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p><p><italic>Челябинск</italic></p></bio><email>henkel-07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5960-4189</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baturina</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батурина</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Irina L. Baturina</bold> — Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, Research Institute of Immunology </p><p><italic>Chelyabinsk</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Батурина Ирина Леонидовна</bold> — кандидат медицинских наук, старший ноучный сотрудник НИИ иммунологии</p><p><italic>Челябинск</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0425-4596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelyanov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Ilya V. Emelyanov</bold> — research assistant, Research Institution of Immunology </p><p><italic>Chelyabinsk</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Емельянов Илья Владимирович</bold> — старший лаборант НИИ иммунологии </p><p><italic>Челябинск</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0536-0924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savochkina</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савочкина</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Albina Y. Savochkina</bold> — D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Department of microbiology, virology, immunology and clinical laboratory diagnostics, principal researcher, Research Institution of Immunology </p><p><italic>Chelyabinsk</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Савочкина Альбина Юрьевна</bold> — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры микробиологии, вирусологии, иммунологии и клинической лабораторной диагностики, главный научный сотрудник НИИ иммунологии</p><p><italic>Челябинск</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7731-7730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaposhnik</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шапошник</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Igor I. Shaposhnik</bold> — D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head, Department of propedeutics of internal medicine </p><p><italic>Chelyabinsk</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Шапошник Игорь Иосифович</bold> — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней  болезней </p><p><italic>Челябинск</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">South-Ural State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-05-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>176</fpage><lpage>183</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-03-22"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-03-22"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Dolgushin I.I., Genkel V.V., Baturina I.L., Emelyanov I.V., Savochkina A.Y., Shaposhnik I.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Долгушин И.И., Генкель В.В., Батурина И.Л., Емельянов И.В., Савочкина А.Ю., Шапошник И.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dolgushin I.I., Genkel V.V., Baturina I.L., Emelyanov I.V., Savochkina A.Y., Shaposhnik I.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Долгушин И.И., Генкель В.В., Батурина И.Л., Емельянов И.В., Савочкина А.Ю., Шапошник И.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/1004">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/1004</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>. The role of neutrophils in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis as well as in the development of its complications has received scientific attention only in the recent years. Today, there is growing evidence to support a role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in sustained inflammation during different chronic inflammatory diseases by retaining neutrophils at inflammatory sites.</p> <p><bold>The aim</bold> of the study is to assess the diagnostic and prognostic significance of circulating CD62L<sup>lo</sup>CXCR4<sup> hi</sup> neutrophils in patients with carotid atherosclerosis.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. A total of 75 patients (52% of men and 48% of women) aged 40 to 64 years were examined. None of them were diagnosed with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. All the patients underwent carotid artery duplex scanning. The flow cytometry and CD16, CD11b, CD62L, CD182 (CXCR2) and CD184 (CXCR4) conjugated monoclonal antibodies were used for phenotyping and differentiation of neutrophil subpopulations.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>. Atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries were detected in 72% of the patients; most of the patients were diagnosed with stenosis development in more than one of the carotid arteries (CA). The elevated levels of circulating CXCR4<sup>h</sup> neutrophils were associated with the levels of total cholesterol (r = 0.377; p = 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (r = 0.293; p = 0.014) and triglycerides (r = 0.388; p = 0.003). The study revealed direct correlation between the circulating CXCR4<sup> hi</sup> neutrophil count and the cumulative percentage of CA stenosis (r = 0.300; p = 0.011), including the number of stenosed CA (r = 0.291; p = 0.034). It was also found that CXCR4<sup> hi</sup> neutrophil counts demonstrated a statistically significant increase along with the increased number of stenosed CA (p = 0.025). The ROC analysis findings show that the elevated CXCR4<sup> hi</sup> neutrophil counts ≥260 cells/μL made it possible to diagnose stenotic lesion of 4 CAs with a sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity reaching 76.6%.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. In patients with carotid atherosclerosis, the increased count of circulating CD62L<sup>lo</sup>CXCR4<sup> hi</sup> neutrophils was associated with the increased number of stenosed CAs, while no significant changes were observed in the other examined subpopulations of neutrophil granulocytes. The increased CD62L<sup>lo</sup>CXCR4<sup> hi</sup> neutrophil count made it possible to diagnose stenotic lesion of 4 CAs with a sufficient sensitivity and specificity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Изучение роли нейтрофилов в инициации и прогрессировании атеросклероза и развитии его осложнений активно ведется лишь на протяжении последних нескольких лет. К настоящему времени имеются данные, свидетельствующие о важной роли оси CXCL12/CXCR4 в поддержании воспаления при различных хронических воспалительных заболеваниях путем задержки нейтрофилов в очагах воспаления.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> исследования — установить диагностическую и прогностическую значимость циркулирующих CD62L<sup>lo</sup>CXCR4<sup>hi</sup>-нейтрофилов у пациентов с каротидным атеросклерозом.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Обследовали 75 пациентов (52% мужчин и 48% женщин) в возрасте 40–64 лет без установленных атеросклеротических сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Всем пациентам проводили дуплексное сканирование артерий каротидного бассейна. Фенотипирование и дифференцировку субпопуляций нейтрофилов осуществляли методом проточной цитометрии с использованием конъюгатов моноклональных антител CD16, CD11b, CD62L, CD182 (CXCR2) и CD184 (CXCR4).</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Атеросклеротические бляшки в артериях каротидного бассейна были выявлены у 72% пациентов, при этом у большинства пациентов диагностировано стенозирование более одной сонной артерии (СА). Увеличение количества циркулирующих CXCR4<sup>hi</sup>-нейтрофилов ассоциировалось с уровнями общего холестерина (r = 0,377; p = 0,001), холестерина липопротеинов низкой плотности (r = 0,293; p = 0,014) и триглицеридов (r = 0,388; p = 0,003). Выявлены прямые корреляционные связи между количеством циркулирующих CXCR4<sup>hi</sup>-нейтрофилов и суммарным процентом стенозирования СА (r = 0,300; p = 0,011), а кроме того — с количеством стенозированных СА (r = 0,291; p = 0,034). Отмечено статистически значимое нарастание количества CXCR4<sup>hi</sup>-нейтрофилов по мере увеличения количества стенозированных СА (p = 0,025). По данным ROC-анализа, увеличение количества CXCR4<sup>hi</sup>-нейтрофилов ≥260 кл/мкл позволяло диагностировать стенозирующее поражение 4 СА с чувствительностью 71,4% и специфичностью 76,6%.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. У пациентов с каротидным атеросклерозом увеличение циркулирующих CD62L<sup>lo</sup>CXCR4<sup>hi</sup>-нейтрофилов ассоциировалось с увеличением числа стенозированных СА при отсутствии значимых изменений в других оцениваемых субпопуляциях нейтрофильных гранулоцитов. Увеличение количества CD62L<sup>lo</sup>CXCR4<sup>hi</sup>-нейтрофилов позволяло с достаточной чувствительностью и специфичностью диагностировать стенозирующее поражение 4 СА.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>neutrophils</kwd><kwd>carotid atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>aged neutrophils</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>нейтрофилы</kwd><kwd>каротидный атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>стареющие нейтрофилы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Silvestre-Roig C., Braster Q., Ortega-Gomez A., Soehnlein O. Neutrophils as regulators of cardiovascular inflammation. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 2020; 17(6): 327–40. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-019-0326-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2. Долгушин И.И. Нейтрофильные гранулоциты: новые лица старых знакомых. 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